GERMANO DE SOUSA

www.germanodesousa.com

About: We, at Centro Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, SA – Clinical Pathology Laboratory Group, declare our intention to cooperate with selected Universities to implement a Student Mobility for Traineeships aimed at:

1. Pre-Analytical
2. Chemistry Pathology
3. Hematology and Hemostasis
4. Laboratory of Immunology, Immunopathology and Autoimmunity
5. Laboratory of Immunoserology
6. Microbiology, Mycobacteriology and Clinical Parasitology Laboratory
7. Prenatal Diagnosis Unit
8. Biology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory
9. Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory

 Involving 3 students enrolled in Undergraduate Degree in Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, each one spending 8 to 10 weeks, placement period at Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, Lisbon. It is desirable that selected students have oral and written knowledge in Portuguese, although it is not mandatory.

The Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa undertakes to designate Prof.Maria José Rego de Sousa, MD, MSc, PhD; Clinical Pathologist - who will supervise Internship student(s) during the training period. We also undertake to certify the activities carried out by the trainees and the outcomes achieved, abiding by the rules of each University. Bellow see the Student Plan: it is designed to guarantee 3 compulsory issues, and for the remained period, the student can choose the preferred laboratory areas.

1.       MANDATORY ISSUES - CORRESPONDS TO 5 WEEKS OF TRAINING CURRICULUM

Week 1 - Laboratory Unit Pre-Analytical (PA)

Aims: The error of the pre-­analytical phase decisively influences the total error, and consequently the analysis result delivery to the clinician. Thus, an appropriate treatment in the pre-­ analytical phase can avoid repeating tests, harvests and misdiagnosis leading to inappropriate treatment.

The pre-­analytical phase is responsible for over two thirds of all errors related to the laboratory.

In this sense it is essential to raise awareness of quality assurance in the pre-­analytical phase.

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Collection of biological samples: blood, urine, microbiological products, other biological fluids

• ‐ Requirements for a good harvest.
• ‐ The Harvests’ Manual
• ‐ Transportation of biological samples -­‐ impact on analytical results
• ‐ Six Sigma Philosophy -­‐ Do it right at the first time.

Sorting biological samples:

• ‐ Description of clinical laboratory organization.
• ‐ Verification preanalytical requirements (sample type, conservation, packaging, centrifugation)
• ‐ Endogenous and exogenous Interferences: Hemolysis, Lipemia, Bilirubin, other interference;
• ‐ Nonconforming Products

Week: 2 and 3  - Chemistry Pathology [CP]

Aims: The Chemistry Pathology Laboratory is responsible for the vast majority of laboratory parameters for the diagnosis or monitoring of numerous pathologies.

Covering functional areas such as Biochemistry, Allergology, Endocrinology and study of tumor biomarkers, measurements made in the Chemistry Pathology Laboratory identifies conditions such as diabetes mellitus, risk factors for coronary heart disease, liver disease, renal disease, allergy among many other.

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• - Laboratory organization and workflows in the CP Lab
• ‐ Daily maintenance equipment
• ‐ Internal Quality Controls ‐ processing and analysis
• ‐ External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• ‐ Technical processing of biological samples
• ‐ Importance of preanalytical in CP laboratory
• ‐ Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• ‐ Laboratory results technical validation algorithms

Post-Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

Week 4 ans 5 - Hematology and Hemostasis [HEM]

Aims: The Hematology and Hemostasis Laboratory is designed for the screening and diagnosis of hematological diseases related to erythrocyte (including nutritional anemia, hemolytic and hemoglobinopathies), to white blood cells (eg, quantitative and qualitative) and hemostasis (changes in platelets, congenital and acquired coagulation, thromboembolic disease and hemorrhagic disease).

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• - Laboratory organization and workflows in the HEM Lab
• - Daily maintenance equipment
• - Internal Quality Controls -­‐ processing and analysis
• - External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• - Technical processing of biological samples
• - Importance of preanalytical in HEM laboratory
• - Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• - Laboratory results technical validation algorithms

Post-­‐Analytic Phase

• - Results Final evaluation
• - Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

2. ADDITIONAL ISSUES – MUST BE CHOSEN THE THEMES TO SUPPLEMENT THE REMAINING TIME INTERNSHIP

Week 1 and 2 - Laboratory of Immunology, Immunopathology and Autoimmunity [AI]

Aims: The Laboratory of Immunology, Immunopathology and Autoimmunity has the aim of studying and research autoantibody markers of systemic autoimmune diseases and organ specific, in order to support clinical diagnosis as well as help the prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of such diseases.

It is a specialized laboratory with "gold standard" techniques, fulfilling recommendations, algorithms and "guidelines" to date and that provides results to colleagues with a high positive predictive value

The Laboratory of Immunology, Immunopathology and Autoimmunity is positioned as a medicine laboratory consultant, to clinical colleagues, providing knowledge in this area to be able to anticipate the identification of autoimmune diseases.

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• ‐ Laboratory organization and workflows in the AI Lab
• ‐ Daily maintenance equipment
• ‐ Internal Quality Controls -­‐ processing and analysis
• ‐ External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• ‐ Technical processing of biological samples
• ‐ Importance of preanalytical in AI Lab
• ‐ Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• ‐ Laboratory results technical validation algorithms

Post-­Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results Final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

Week 1 - Laboratory of Immunoserology [IMMS]

Aims: The Immunoserology Laboratory uses immunoassay technology, highly sensitive and specific, targeted for diagnosis of infectious diseases, including infections by HIV virus, HBV, HCV, TORCH and study of infection by Treponema pallidum, Rickectisoses, borreliosis, infection by parvovirus B19, herpesvirus, etc.

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• ‐ Laboratory organization and workflows in the IMMS Lab
• ‐ Daily maintenance equipment
• ‐ Internal Quality Controls -­ processing and analysis
• ‐ External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• ‐ Technical processing of biological samples
• ‐ Importance of preanalytical in IMMS Lab
• ‐ Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• ‐ Laboratory results technical validation algorithms

Post-­Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results Final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

Week 1 and 2 - Microbiology, Mycobacteriology and Clinical Parasitology Laboratory [MICRO]

Aims: The key role of Microbiology Laboratory relates to the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of infectious disease. It combines the need for rapid response and assertive with the strict standards of technical guidance used, from sample collection to identification and study the resistance to antibiotics of infectious agents. In addition to the General Bacteriology, Microbiology Laboratory develops two fundamental valences that, added to the General Bacteriology: the Mycobacteriology and Parasitology. In Mycobacteriology, the Laboratory identifies genotype and study antibiotic sensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. In the area of Parasitology Laboratory is performed the identification and differentiation of intestinal parasites or from other sources including blood parasites.

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Microbiology Laboratory

• - Organization and workflows
• - Characterization of biological samples
• - Importance of preanalytical
• - External Quality Evaluation Program

Clinical Microbiology ambulatory:

• - Characterization and evaluation procedures in typical microbiological infections
• - Characterization of infections in adult and pediatric population,
• Clinical Microbiology hospital:
• - Characterization and evaluation procedures in typical microbiological infections
• - Characterization of infections in adult and pediatric population

Post‐Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results Final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

Week 1 - Prenatal Diagnosis Unit [DPN]

Aims: The Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, certified by the Fetal Medicine Foundation, is responsible for the implementation of biochemical parameters, free beta hCG, PAPP-­A, PlGF and AFP, executed according to the highest quality standards, thus ensuring the reliability of biochemical results and allowing the development of 1st trimester and 2nd trimester Combined Prenatal Screening with high detection rates and low false positives.

The laboratory is geared to respond to certified colleagues ultrasonographers by sending biochemical results, which will allow them to enter in certified  software and provide the risk to pregnant at the time of ultrasound, or on the other hand, if the colleagues they wish, can also be the laboratory to perform the combined risks and make them available to colleagues Obstetricians

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• ‐ Laboratory organization and workflows in the DPN Lab
• ‐ Daily maintenance equipment
• ‐ Internal Quality Controls - processing and analysis
• ‐ External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• ‐ Technical processing of biological samples
• ‐ Importance of preanalytical in DPN Lab
• ‐ Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• ‐ Laboratory results technical validation algorithms
• ‐ Combined Risk Calculation and its interpretation

Post-­Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results Final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

Week 1 - Biology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory [MP]

Aims: The Medical Excellence and Personalized Medicine , requires 1st line laboratory technology as NGS to respond in time and with high specificity to the patient's needs. Researched changes of DNA that determine gene expression of some tumors, as well as other individualized treatment decisions that determine the path of Personalized Medicine which is the future of medicine that now begins.

In this unity of excellence use the latest technologies related    to    Polimerase-­Chain    Reaction    allows    the detection, quantification and genotyping of various DNA viruses

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• - Laboratory organization and workflows in the MP Lab
• - Daily maintenance equipment
• - Internal Quality Controls -­‐ processing and analysis
• - External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• - Technical processing of biological samples
• - Importance of preanalytical in MP Lab
• - Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• - Laboratory results technical validation algorithms

Post‐Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results Final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation

Week 1 and 2 - Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratory [GC]

Aims: The Genetics Laboratory responds to the growing need in the areas of diagnosis Genetic and Genomics.

Combined with the forefront technology and compliance with the latest laws in force, in the area of Diagnostic Laboratory Genetic comprises the areas of Cytogenetics / Molecular Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Genetics, with a full range of genetic tests for a variety of specialty areas clinic. The laboratory offers genetic counseling consultation whenever needed.

Subjects, Observed activities [Common themes]:

Laboratory automation

• ‐ Laboratory organization and workflows in the GC
• ‐ Daily maintenance equipment
• ‐ Internal Quality Controls -­‐ processing and analysis
• ‐ External Quality Evaluation Program

Analytical Phase

• ‐ Technical processing of biological samples
• ‐ Importance of preanalytical in GC Lab
• ‐ Endogenous and exogenous interfering in the analytical result
• ‐ Laboratory results technical validation algorithms

Post-­‐Analytic Phase

• ‐ Results final evaluation
• ‐ Integration of analytical results in the clinical laboratory context – medical validation